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Why the night sky is dark

A simple question about the night sky leads to a pretty big answer about the universe.

I recently came across a question that sounds almost too simple: why is the night sky dark?

The obvious answer is that space is huge and stars are far away. Fair enough. But if the universe were infinite, eternal, and filled with stars, that answer would not really work.

The weird part

Imagine standing in a very dense forest. No matter where you look, you eventually see a tree. Now replace the trees with stars. In an infinite universe, every direction should eventually end at one.

That would make the whole sky bright. Clearly, it is not. This is called Olbers’ paradox.

So why is it dark?

Mainly because the universe has not existed forever. Light takes time to travel, and some light simply has not had enough time to reach us yet.

The universe is also expanding. As light travels through it, it gets stretched into longer wavelengths. A lot of that light ends up outside the range our eyes can see.

I like this because the night sky looks empty, but it is actually telling us something huge. The universe has an age. It has changed. And we can learn that just by looking up.